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Pastry War
The Pastry War ((スペイン語:Guerra de los pasteles), (フランス語:Guerre des Pâtisseries)),〔Commonly known in Spanish as the ''Primera intervención francesa en México'', "first French intervention in Mexico".〕 also known as the First French intervention in Mexico or the First Franco–Mexican War (1838-1839), began in November 1838 with the naval blockade of some Mexican ports and the capture of the fortress of San Juan de Ulúa in Veracruz by French forces sent by King Louis-Philippe. It ended several months later in March 1839 with a British-brokered peace. The intervention followed many claims by French nationals of losses due to unrest in Mexico City, as well as the failure of Mexico to pay a large debt to France.
This incident was the first and lesser of Mexico's two 19th-century wars with France, being followed by the French invasion of 1861–67, resulting in the installation of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico.
== Background ==
During the early years of the new Mexican republic, there was widespread civil disorder as factions competed for control. In 1828, President Guadalupe Victoria ejected Lorenzo de Zavala from the office of governor of the state of México. Zavala, supported by Antonio López de Santa Anna, rallied most of the garrison in Mexico City (then a part of México state) to his aid. Four days of fighting in Mexico City resulted in Zavala's winning and installing a new president, Vicente Guerrero.
The fighting in the streets destroyed a great deal of personal property of residents. Average citizens had little recourse for damages suffered. They had no consuls, or representatives to speak on their behalf. Foreigners whose property was damaged or destroyed by rioters or bandits were usually unable to obtain compensation from the government. They began to appeal to their own governments for help and compensation, as they were often international traders. Despite repeated claims from French nationals in the city, the French government let the matter subside.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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